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NETGLOS
-by Robert Cormier(contribution
de Jean-Pierre Kuypers et Bernard Dov Belz).
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Dictionnaire
bilingue de l'Informatique (français-anglais)
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English
A B
C D
E F
G H
I J
K L
M N
O P
Q R
S T
U V
W X
Y Z
-
- alias
- A nickname that refers to a person or group of people on
a network. For example, the mailing-list
named NETGLOS
is an alias for all the e-mail addresses on the NETGLOS
subscribers' list at coopnet.org. Whenever an e-mail message is sent to netglos@coopnet.org,
it will automatically be forwarded to all the people on
the mailing-list.
Similarly, the address "webmaster@widgets.com"
usually found on WWW sites, is
an alias for the person responsible for
maintaining that site. All e-mail
sent to this address will be routed accordingly.
- anchor
- In HTML, anchors mark
the start and end of hypertext
links.
- Anonymous FTP
- SeeFTP
- archive
- A collection of files stored on a computer network -
often retrievable by FTP
- authentication
- A security measure for checking a network user's
identity.
- backbone
- The Internet's high speed
data highways that serve as major access points to which
other networks connect.
- bandwidth
- The amount of data you can send through a network
connection. Bandwidth is usually measured in
bits-per-second (bps).
- bookmark
- A feature of most Web browsers. You can save
frequently accessed links in a
bookmark file, rather than have to look up the URL each time.
- browser
- Another name for a client
program that allows users to access documents on the WWW. Browsers can be both text-based or graphic.
- bullet
- In HTML, a bullet is a
large dot used to separate listed items on a WWW page
- BBS
- (Bulletin Board System) -- A dial-up computerized meeting
and announcement system for carrying on discussions,
uploading and downloading
files, and generally obtaining online
information and services.
- checkbox
- In HTML, a way to allow the
user to interact with the material on a web
page by clicking on a box or other input element.
- clickable image map
- A map or graphic where certain parts of it are associated
with different hyperlinks.
For example, users can click on cities on a map of a
country and bring up linked pictures and other
information about each place. For example, Honolulu
Community College has developed an interactive
campus map that lets you get information about each
building, its hours of services, etc.
- client
- A remote computer connected to a host
or server computer. Also
refers to the software that makes this connection
possible.
- cross-post
- To post a message to several newsgroups
simultaneously - an action usually frowned on in Internet culture
- cyberspace
- A term coined by author William Gibson in his novel
"Neuromancer". Cyberspace is currently
used to refer to the digital world constructed by
computer networks, in particular the Internet
- database front end
- In the context of the Internet,
this is an interface which integrates WWW
applications with sophisticated database programs.
- data traffic
- The number of TCP/IP packets traversing a network.
- dial-up account
- A basic type of Internet
account that allows you to to dial-up a provider'scomputer
with a modem. These types of accounts usually have a UNIX
or other command-line interface.
- dedicated line
- A telecommunications line that lets your computer have a
direct, permanent connection to the Internet
- domain name
- The address that identifies an Internet site. Domain
Names consist of at least 2 parts. The part on the left
is the name of the company, institution, or other
organization. The part on the right identifies the
highest subdomain. This can be a country, such as ca
for Canada, fr for France, or the type of
organization: com for commercial; edu for
educational, etc. The IP address
is translated into the domain name by the DNS
- DNS
- Domain Name System --- A database system that
translates an IP address
into a domain name. For
example, a numeric address like 205.206.106.50 is
converted into wwli.com.
- download
- To transfer files from one computer to another. The most
common way of doing this on the Internet
is by FTP
- e-mail (electronic mail)
- A way of sending messages on computers attached to local
or global networks.
- electronic mall
- A virtual shopping mall
where you can browse and buy products and services online
- electronic storefront
- A virtual space in an electronic mall. This
consists of space on a server
(usually at a web site) where html documents are stored.
- embedded hyperlink
- A hyperlink that is
incorporated into a line of text.
- emoticon
- A symbol to compensate for the absence of nonverbal clues
when commicating on the Internet
For example signifies a "grin", :} or :-} a
"smile", when inserted in the text of an e-mail message and alerts the
reader not to take it seriously.
- encryption
- A way of making data unreadable to everyone except the
receiver. An increasingly common way of sending credit
card numbers over the Internet
when conducting commercial transactions.
- FAQ
- Frequently Asked Questions - a list of the most
common questions posted on a newsgroup
- feedback form
- Sections of html documents
that accept user input. You can usually input comments,
order products, or search for information with these
forms.
- finger
- An Internet software tool
that helps you find people on other sites.
- firewall
- The computer file system of a site's inner network that
is protected against unauthorized access by Internet users
- flame
- An angry remark or message on a newsgroup
or mailing list, often
aimed at a user who has violated netiquette
in some way.
- form support
- Not all browsers, nor all servers can handle the use of
forms where the reader can give input, for instance his
address, or a question. Browsers and servers that allow
this, do have form support.
- freenet
- An organization committed to making Internetaccess
available to the general public for free or for a small
contribution.
- freeware
- Free software available on the Internet
that can be redistributed.
- FTP
- (File Transfer Protocol) -- A way of moving files across
networks. With FTP you can login
to another Internet site and download
or send files. Some sites have public file
archives that you can access by using FTP with the
account name "anonymous" and your e-mail address as password. This
type of access is called anonymous ftp
- gateway
- A computer system for exchanging information across
incompatible networks that use different protocols. For example, many
commercial services have e-mail
gateways for sending messages to Internet
addresses.
- hit
- In the context of the WWW, it
refers to the act of accessing an htmldocument
on a server.
- home page
- The first page on a Web site
that acts as the starting point for navigation.
- host
- A computer that acts as a server.
- hotlist
- A list of frequently accessed URLs
- hotspot
- A place in a document that contains an embedded hyperlink.
- HTML
- Hypertext Markup Language - the coded format used
to create WWW documents. html
commands control how a piece of text will appear. Files
in html format are viewed with a World Wide Web Client
program.
- hyperlink
- These are links in HTML
documents that you can click on to go to other Web resources.
- hypermedia
- The multimedia links on the Web
that lead to sound, graphics, video, or text resources
- hypertext
- A term coined by Ted Nelson to refer to a nonlinear
system of information browsing and retrieval that
contains associative links to other related documents. Hypertext
is the basic organizing principle of the WWW
- information packet
- A bundle of data sent over a network. The protocol used determines the
size and makeup of the packet.
- inline image
- A built-in graphic that is displayed by the browser as part of an HTMLdocument and is retrieved
along with it.
- Internet
- A global collection of computer networks that exchange
information by theTCP/IP
suite of networking protocols
- Internet account
- An account with an ISP that
allows you to access the Internet
- IP address
- The Internet Protocol address - the numeric
address that is translated into a domain name by the DNS
- ISDN
- Integrated Services Digital Network -- Digital
telecommunications lines with 2 channels that can yield a
combined capacity of 128 kbps.
- Internet service provider
- A company that provides various kinds of Internet accounts to
organizations and individuals.
- leased line
- Refers to a dedicated
phone line that is rented for exclusive 24-hour,
7-days-a-week use from your location to another location.
The highest speed data connections require a leased
line.
- load
- On the WWW, HTMLdocuments
and graphics are loaded into the browser whenever an URL is accessed.
- log file
- A file that keeps track of network connections.
- login
- The account name used to access a computer system or,
used as a verb, the act of typing your username and password on a terminal.
- logon
- The process of connecting to a network or remote system.
- logoff
- To disconnect from a network or remote system.
- logout
- To type logout, or a similar word (e.g.
"exit", "quit". etc.) in order to
disconnect from a network.
- mail-bomb
- The flooding of an e-mail
address with (usually angry) messages.
- mailbot
- An e-mail server that
automatically responds to requests for information.
- mail-filter
- A program that allows a user to sort e-mail
messages according to information contained in the
header.
- mailing-list
- A discussion forum where participants subscribe to a list
and receive messages by e-mail.
- MIME
- Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions - an
extension to the traditional Internet
mail protocol that allows
binary, or non-text, files, (i.e. graphics, executables,
audio files etc.) to be sent as attachments to regular e-mail messages.
- modem
- A device for translating the digital data of computers
into analog signals. Two or more computers connected
together over phone lines are therefore able to exchange
files, and generally communicate with each other.
- moderated mailing-list
- A mailing-list where
messages are first sent to the list owner before they are
distributed to all the subscribers.
- navigate
- To move around on the WWW by
following hypertext paths
from document to document on different computers.
- netiquette
- The rules of etiquette that guide online
interaction on the Internet.
Brandon University has a netiquette
guide for the beginner available from their WWW site.
- netizen
- A citizen of the Internet.
- newsfeed
- ISPs get their newsgroups from different newsfeeds,
or news sources, by transferring them over the Internet,
or other networks.
- newsgroup
- A discussion forum on the Internet
similar to that found on local BBSs.
There are currently around 15,000 different groups
covering a wide range of topics.
- newsreader
- Application software for reading and posting
articles to newsgroups.
- online
- When a user is connected to a network, they are described
as being online.
- password
- A secret combinations of letters and other symbols needed
to login to a computer
system.
- pointer
- A link to related resources inserted into a Web page.
- platform
- The type of computer or operating system on which a
software application runs. For example, some common platforms
are PC, Macintosh, Unix, and NeXT.
- POP (Post Office Protocol)
- Post Office Protocol. This is the protocol used by mail
clients to retrieve messages from a mail server.
- POP (Point of Presence)
- The nearest connection point at which a user may connect
to a remote site - usually that of the ISP
or telephone company. This is relevant when ordering a dedicated line, since you
have to pay for mileage.
- post
- Subscribers to newsgroups
and mailing lists take
part in discussions by sending, or posting their
articles or comments online.
- postmaster
- An alias on a mail server for administering
routing of e-mail.
- preference setting
- A set of parameters on software tools, especially WWW browsers,
that allows the user to attach a signature file to e-mail or newsgroup
messages, change the colour and appearance of text, etc.
- protocol
- A specification that describes how computers will talk to
each other on a network.
- radio button
- Used in forms to
indicate a list of items. Only one button can be selected
at one time. Here is an example:
- real-time chat
- This is one use of the Internet
that allows live conversation between by typing on a
computer terminal. The most common tools are Talk
and IRC (International Relay Chat).
- remote login
- It is possible to login to a
remote computer by using an application program based on TELNET
- a terminal emulation protocol
made for this purpose. The user can therefore enter
commands on a keyboard attached to their local computer
and access files etc. on a remote computer that may be
located anywhere in the world.
- router
- Hardware (or software) that can connects a local network
to the Internet. Routers
spend all their time looking at the destination addresses
of the packets passing through them and deciding
which route to send them on.
- script
- In the context of the WWW, a
(gateway) script is a program that runs on a Web server
and processes requests based on input from the browser.
- search engine
- Programs on the Internet
that allow users to search through massive databases of
information.
- server
- A host computer on a network
that answers requests for information from it. The term server
is also used to refer to the software that makes the
process of serving information possible.
- server-side include
- A file, or value of an environmental variable, that is
included in an HTML document,
so that information such as last date modified, file
size, author etc. can be automatically included.
- shareware
- Software available for downloading
on the Internet that you
can try before you buy. Users who want to continue to use
the program are expected to pay a registration fee
(rarely more than U.S. $100). In return they get
documentation, technical support, and any updated
versions.
- shell account
- A UNIX-based account
that allows an indirect, command-line connection to the Internet.
- signature file
- A file automatically attached to outgoing e-mail messages and postings to newsgroups.
- SLIP/PPP
- To connect to the Internet
via Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) or Point
to Point Protocol (PPP), you need to have TCP/IP software on your
computer. When connected by SLIP/PPP , your
computer actually becomes another node on the Internet. You can then run
popular client software
directly. This has an advantage over a shell account where you
will have to double download
in order to transfer a file by FTP
because the data first goes to network and then to a
local machine. A paper explaining this process is
available from Harry Kriz, called Windows
and TCP/IP for Internet Access
- SMTP
- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - standard protocol on the Internet for delivering e-mail.
- sound player
- A browser helper
application for playing sound files.
- spamming
- To cross-post to newsgroups with no regard
for whether or not the subject matter is relevant to that
being discussed on the group. Often, these sorts of postings are blatant
advertisements with titles such as Make money fast!.
The topic is treated in greater detail in this online resource from Brandon
University
- subnet mask
- A number used to identify a subnetwork so that an IP
address can be shared on a LAN (Local Area Network).
- surf
- To search for information in the cyberspace
reality of the WWW by navigating in a nonlinear
way.
- tag
- Tags are the codes used to format HTML
documents for the WWW. There
are both single and compound tags. For
example, the single code for a line break is
<br>,
whereas for bold text, there are compound tags
that require both an initial and a closing code: <b>
</b>
- TCP/IP
- The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet
Protocol(IP) are protocols
that let different types of computers communicate with
each other. The Internet
is based on this suite of protocols.
- text-based browser
- A browser that cannot
handle hypermedia files.
- under construction
- A term used to describe a WWW
site that is still being developed. A small graphic like
is often affixed to the pages or parts still being
created or modified.
- URL
- Universal Resource Locator --- An address you use
to tell your browser where
to find a particular Internet
resource. For example, the URL for the WorldWide
Language Institute is http://wwli.com.
- username
- The name assigned to users of a computer network. By
convention, default usernames usually consist of a
person's initial(s) plus their family name. For example,
if your name is Ricardo Garcia, your username
would be rgarcia. Typing your username on
the computer screen is part of the login
procedure and identifies you to the computer system.
- viewer
- Most browsers use helper applications, sometimes called
"viewers," to display full-size graphics and
play sound and video clips. These are separate
applications that the browser initiates after it has
downloaded the image or clip. These applications
generally need to be acquired separately. The most
complete collection of these applications is at ftp:// ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu
in the /Web/Mosaic/Mac/Helpers, /Web/Mosaic/Unix/viewers
and /Web/Mosaic/Windows/viewers directories.
- virtual
- An adjective that refers to objects, activities, etc that
exist or are carried on in cyberspace.
For example, on the WWW you can
find virtual or electronic malls and storefronts.
- what's new
- The space on a home page
where the latest changes and updates are announced.
- webmaster
- The person responsible for administering a Web
site.
- WWW
- World Wide Web --- A hypermedia-based
system for accessing Internet sites by clicking on hyperlinks
All parts of the
NetGlos glossary are copyright © 1995, 1996 by WorldWide
Language Institute,
as well as by the many individuals who have contributed to its
development.
Send comments or suggestions about NetGlos to netglos@wwli.com
Document update: October 10th, 1996 by Kila:Communications